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Global concerns about current and future roles of women in computing occupations have gained more importance with the emerging information age. Historically, women played a crucial role in the evolution of computing, with many of the first programmers during the early 20th century being female.〔Grurer, Denis (1995) ("Pioneering Women in Computer Science" ) ACM.〕 These concerns motivated public policy debates addressing gender equality as computer applications exerted increasing influence in society. This dialogue helped to expand information technology innovations and to reduce the unintended consequences of perceived sexism. ==History== Ada Lovelace was the first human to create an algorithm intended to be carried by the first modern computer, the Analytical Engine. Because of this, she is often regarded as the first computer programmer,〔.〕 though this statement, as well as those about Ada's mathematical abilities, was criticized by Doron Swade, a specialist on history of computing. Grace Hopper was the first human to create a compiler for a Programming language and the first programmer of Mark I computer, an electro-mechanical computer based on Analytical Engine. The programmers of the ENIAC computer in 1944, were six female mathematicians; Marlyn Meltzer, Betty Holberton, Kathleen Antonelli, Ruth Teitelbaum, Jean Bartik, and Frances Spence. Adele Goldstine was the teacher and trainer of the six original programmers of ENIAC computer. Adele died of cancer in 1964 at the age of 44. Adele Goldberg was one of the three programmers that developed Smalltalk in 1970's, one of the first object-oriented programming languages, the base of current Graphic User Interface, that has its roots in 1968's The Mother of All Demos by Douglas Engelbart. Smalltalk was later used by Apple to launch Apple Lisa in 1983, the first personal computer with GUI, and one year later its Macintosh. Windows 1.0, based on the same principles, was launched a few months later in 1985. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「women in computing」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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